How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

SYMPTOMS

Older leaves on tomato plants infected with Verticillium appear as yellow, V-shaped areas that narrow from the margin. The leaf progressively turns from yellow to brown and eventually dies. Older and lower leaves are the most affected. Sun-related fruit damage is increased because of the loss of foliage. A light tan discoloration develops in the vascular tissue, especially near the base of the plant. The discoloration extends a short distance up the plant and may occur in patches. Symptoms are most noticeable during later stages of plant development when fruit begin to size.

COMMENTS ON THE DISEASE

The fungus survives as microsclerotia in the soil. Once established in a field, it persists indefinitely and can cause disease whenever a susceptible host is planted. A large number of crops and weeds serve as hosts. The disease is favored by cool soil and air temperatures. Verticillium wilt is difficult to distinguish from Fusarium wilt and positive identification may require cultivating the fungus in a laboratory. Verticillium wilt seldom kills tomato plants but reduces their vigor and yield.

MANAGEMENT

Use resistant cultivars effective against Race 1. No source of resistance to Race 2 is commercially available. Sanitation, especially washing equipment to prevent movement of infested soil, may help to slow spread of the Race 2 strain of the pathogen. Rotation to nonsusceptible crops, such as small grains and corn, helps reduce inoculum.

PUBLICATION

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Tomato
UC ANR Publication 3470
Diseases
R. M. Davis, Plant Pathology, UC Davis
G. Miyao, UC Cooperative Extension, Solano/Yolo counties
K. Subbarao, USDA Agricultural Research Station, Salinas
J. J. Stapleton, UC IPM Program, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier
Acknowledgments for contributions to the disease section:
B. W. Falk, Plant Pathology, UC Davis