UC IPM Online UC ANR home page UC IPM home page

UC IPM Home

Search

SKIP navigation
How to Manage Pests

Home & garden
Agriculture
Natural environments
Exotic & invasive

Weather data & products
Degree-days
Interactive tools & models

Identification Galleries

Natural enemies
Weeds

Educational Resources

Publications & more
Workshops and events
Training programs
Pesticide information

Research and IPM

Grants programs
Funded-project results

 
  Printer-friendly version

How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Strawberry

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Strawberries to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 6/08, updated 6/08)

In this Guideline:
Common name (trade name) Mode of action1 Selectivity2 (affected groups) Predatory mites 3 General predators 4 Parasites 4 Honey bees 5 Duration of impact to natural enemies 6
abamectin (Agri-Mek) 6 moderate (mites, leafminers) M L M/H II long to predatory mites and affected insects
acequinocyl (Kanemite) 20B narrow (mites) —7 — — IV —
azadirachtin (Neemix) 18B broad (insects, mites) M L/M L/M III short
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai 11.B1 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV short
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L III short
bifenazate (Acramite) 25 narrow (spider mites) L L L III short
bifenthrin (Capture, Brigade) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I–III8 long
carbaryl (Sevin) bait 1A narrow (cutworms, army-worms, grasshoppers, etc.) L L L IV short
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I9 moderate
cinnamaldehyde (Cinnacure) — narrow (mites) — — — IV short
diazinon–foliar 1B broad (insects, mites) L H H I moderate to long
diazinon–granular 1B narrow (soil insects) L L L IV short
dicofol (Kelthane) UNC narrow (pest mites and mites) H M M IV long to beneficial mites
endosulfan (Thionex, Thiodan) 2A broad (insects, mites) L M M II10 moderate
etoxazole (Zeal) 10C narrow (mites) —7 — — IV short
fenbutatin oxide (Vendex) 12B narrow (pest mites) L L L IV short
fenpropathrin (Danitol) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I —
hexythiazox (Savey) 10B narrow (mites) L L L IV short to moderate
imidacloprid (Admire) 4A narrow (sucking insects, beet armyworm, cutworms) — L — I11 —
imidacloprid (Provado) 4A narrow (sucking insects) — — H II short to moderate
insecticidal soap (M-Pede) — broad (exposed insects, mites) M M M IV short to none
malathion 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H II moderate
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) 18A narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV short
methyl bromide 8A — — — — — —
naled (Dibrom) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I12 —
paraffinic oil (JMS Stylet Oil) — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L III short to none
petroleum oil — broad (exposed insects, mites) L13 L L III short to none
pyrethrin (PyGanic) 3 broad (insects) — M M III short
pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide (Pyrenone) 3/27A broad (insects) — — — III short to moderate
pyriproxyfen (Esteem) 7C narrow (whiteflies, etc.) L H14 L IV long
rosemary oil (Hexacide) — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L IV —
spinosad (Entrust, Success) 5 narrow (caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, fruit flies, leafminers) L M15 L/M III short to moderate
spiromesifen (Oberon SC) 23 narrow (mites, whiteflies) — — — — —
thiamethoxam (Actara) 4A narrow (sucking insects) —16 — M I moderate

H = high M = moderate L = low — = no information

1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicities are to Phytoseiulus persimilis.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I-Do not apply to blooming plants; II-Apply only during late evening; III-Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV-Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides (164 KB, PDF), Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591.
6 Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to two weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
7 Acute toxicity low but reproductive capacity is impacted.
8  If rate is less than 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is III; if 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is II; if 0.06 lb a.i./acre, rating is I.
9 If rate is 0.05 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
10 If rate is 0.5 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
11 If rate is 0.1 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
12 If rate is 0.5 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
13 Not hazardous to bees when applied at least 4 weeks before bloom.
14 Kills lady beetles.
15 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly and lacewing larvae, beetles) when sprayed and up to 5-7 days after, expecially for syrphid fly larvae.
16  May causes increase in spider mite populations.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Strawberry
UC ANR Publication 3468
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

Top of page

PDF: You need a PDF reader, such as Acrobat Reader version 8 or later, to view or print this PDF. If no reader is installed on your computer, you can download a free copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
All contents copyright © 2008 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manage pests, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. /PMG/r734900311.html revised: June 9, 2008. Contact webmaster.