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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

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Caneberries

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Caneberries to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 12/09, updated 3/10)

In this Guideline:
Common name (trade name) Mode of action1 Selectivity2 (affected groups) Predatory mites3 General predators4 Parasites4 Honey bees5 Duration of impact to natural enemies6
azadirachtin (AZA-Direct, Neemix, Azatin) un broad (insects, mites) M L/M L/M III short
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Kurstaki 11 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV short
bifenazate (Acramite) un narrow (mites) L L L III short
bifenthrin (Brigade, Capture) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I-III7 long
carbaryl (Sevin F) 1A broad (insects, mites) M/H H H I8 long
carbaryl (Sevin) XLR Plus 1A broad (insects, mites) L H L I9 long
cinnamaldehyde (Cinnacure) — narrow (mites) — — — IV short
cottonseed/clove/garlic oils (GC-Mite) — narrow (mites) — — — IV short
diazinon-foliar 1B broad (insects, mites) L H H I moderate to long
hexythiazox (Savey) 10A narrow (mites) L L L IV short to moderate
horticultural oil (JMS stylet oil) — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L III short
insecticidal soap (M-Pede) — broad (insects, mites) M M M IV short
malathion 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H II moderate
neem oil (Trilogy) — broad (soft-bodied insects) L L L III short
spinetoram (Delegate) 5 narrow (caterpillars, whiteflies) L M10 L/M III moderate11
spinosad (Entrust, Success) 5 narrow (caterpillars) L M10 L/M III short to moderate10
sulfur — narrow (mites) L/H L H IV short
tebufenozide (Confirm) 18 narrow (caterpillars) L L L III short
H = high  M = moderate  L = low
1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicities are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured in toxicity of the pesticide-resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I-Do not apply to blooming plants; II-Apply only during late evening; III-Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV-Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides (700 KB, PDF), Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591.
6 Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
7 If rate is less than 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is III; if 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is II; if 0.06 lb a.i./acre, rating is I.
8 If rate is 1 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is II.
9 If rate is 1.5 lb a.i. or less and dilution not greater than 1:19, rating is II.
10 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larva, beetles) when sprayed and shortly after (8-24 hrs).
11 Residual is moderate if solution is between pH of 7 to 8.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Caneberries
UC ANR Publication 3437
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M. L. and S. H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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