| Herbicide |
Amount/Acre |
R.E.I.+ |
P.H.I.+ |
| (trade name) |
|
(hours) |
(days) |
|
| When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating
to environmental quality Not all registered pesticides are listed. Always read label of product being used.
|
| |
| FALLOW BEDS |
| A. |
OXYFLUORFEN |
0.25–0.5 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Goal) 2XL |
1–2 pt |
24 |
0 |
| |
(GoalTender) |
0.5–1 pt |
24 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 |
| |
COMMENTS: Provides both preemergent and postemergent control
of broadleaf annuals. Rate depends on the size of weeds; it also affects the
treatment-to-planting interval on direct-seeded peppers, which varies from 90
days at the low rate to 120 days at the higher rate. Work the beds with a
rolling cultivator or similar tool to a depth of 2.5 inches before planting
to avoid crop injury, which can result if beds are not thoroughly worked
before planting or if seedling peppers are stressed. Once the beds have been
worked, the effectiveness of the material is greatly diminished and will no
longer provide weed control. Can be applied 30 days or more before
transplanting and 90 (for 0.5 pt/acre GoalTender formulation; 1 pt/acre Goal formulation)
to 120 (1 pt/acre GoalTender fromulation; 2 pt/acre Goal formulation) days
before direct seeding. Work the beds similar to direct-seeded peppers. This
herbicide lasts 4–8 weeks in the soil and has a 10-month plantback restriction for nonlabeled crops. |
| |
| PREFORMED BEDS |
| A. |
PARAQUAT* |
0.49–1 lb. a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Gramoxone Inteon) |
1.96–4 pt |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22 |
| |
COMMENTS: A nonselective foliar herbicide that controls only
emerged plants and has no residual activity. Applied as a band treatment over
the crop row or as a broadcast treatment before seeding or transplanting the
peppers or after seeding but before peppers emerge. Any peppers that have
emerged at the time of application will be killed along with the weeds.
Controls annual weeds and provides some suppression of perennials. Poor
control of cheeseweed. Apply when weeds are succulent and from 1–6
inches high; larger weeds are more difficult to control. Apply in 20–60
gal water/acre (10 gal by air) with a nonionic surfactant added at the rate
of 8–32 oz/100 gal. Use the high surfactant rate with cereals and heavy
weed infestations. Late afternoon applications increase activity. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift. |
| |
| B. |
GLYPHOSATE |
0.55–4.5375 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Roundup Powermax) |
Label rates |
4 |
14 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9 |
| |
COMMENTS: A nonselective foliar herbicide that can be used up
to 3 days before direct seeding takes place. The rate depends upon the weed
species present and to some extent on weed size; control is poor when weeds
exceed the maximum size indicated on the label. Cheeseweed and burning nettle
require the higher rate, as do perennials. Annual weeds are best controlled
when small. Apply in 3–20 gal water. Glyphosate provides good annual
weed control and some suppression of perennial weeds. Control of perennials
improves with late summer or fall applications during noncrop periods when perennials are actively growing. |
| |
| C. |
CARFENTRAZONE |
0.0296 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Shark) |
2 fl oz |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 |
| |
COMMENTS: A nonselective, burndown application that can be
used before transplanting peppers when weeds are less than 4 inches tall or in rosettes less than 3 inches across. |
| |
| D. |
PELARGONIC ACID |
| |
(Scythe) |
3–5% v/v in 75 to 200 gal water/acre |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 27 |
| |
COMMENTS: A nonselective, burndown application that can be
used before seeding or transplanting peppers. The smaller the weeds, the more effective the control. |
| |
| PREPLANT |
| A. |
METAM SODIUM* |
50–75 gal/treated acre |
48 |
0 |
| |
(various trade names) |
|
|
|
| |
COMMENTS: Soil fumigant. Beds must be free of clods and moist
(50–60% field capacity). Weed seeds must be imbibed with water and
ready to germinate for best results. Soil temperatures should be between 40°
to 90°F at a 3-inch depth. Broadcast rate is 50–75 gal/acre, but
typically a 6-inch band is treated using 5–7.5 gal/crop acre (single
row planting of peppers). Applications are made using a spray blade cutting
2–3 inches below the soil surface, depending on soil moisture. Disk
hillers follow directly behind the spray blade and form a 3- to 5-inch dirt
cap over the treated area. Dirt caps are removed and allowed to air before
planting. The label requires a 14-day preplant interval between application
and planting. Avoid moving untreated soil into the banded area. This
treatment is effective against nightshade and many other weeds. Other methods
of application include incorporation with a power driven rotary tiller to a
depth of 3 inches and rolled to obtain a good seal; application by 2
fertilizer shanks adapted to treat the soil profile to 12-inch depth and a
soil cap to seal; or application with a 3-tiered blade injector to a depth of
10–14 inches and the use of a soil cap to seal. Deep placement is not
necessary for weed control, but does control other pests such as nematodes
and soilborne diseases. It can be applied as a soil drench and is commonly applied through the drip system on beds with or without plastic mulch. |
| |
| B. |
BENSULIDE |
4–6 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Prefar) 4EC |
4–6 qt |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 8 |
| |
COMMENTS: A preplant incorporated herbicide that controls
annual grasses, but not wild oats or volunteer cereals, and certain broadleaf
weeds such as purslane and pigweed. Apply in 10–50 gal water/acre and
incorporate to a depth of 1–3 inches; bensulide can also be applied by
chemigation or by surface application followed by sprinkler irrigation for
incorporation. This material has a long residual (6 months or more in some soils) and 120-day plantback restriction for nonlabeled crops. |
| |
| C. |
NAPROPAMIDE |
1–2 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Devrinol) 2EC |
2–4 qt |
12 |
0 |
| |
(Devrinol) 50DF |
2–4 lb |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15 |
| |
COMMENTS: A preplant incorporated herbicide; the rate of
application of this material depends on soil type. Incorporate to a depth of
1–3 inches soon after application to prevent loss. Band applications
are frequently used to reduce cost. Controls most annual grasses and
broadleaves, but not nightshades, mustards, horseweed, or flaxleaf fleabane.
It has a long residual and can cause problems on crops such as lettuce, sugarbeet, and cereals planted in rotation. |
| |
| D. |
TRIFLURALIN |
0.5–1 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Treflan) 4L |
1– 2 pt |
12 |
0 |
| |
(Treflan) TR-10 |
5–10 lb |
12 |
0 |
| |
and others |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3 |
| |
COMMENTS: Trifluralin is labeled for transplanted peppers
only. Rate depends on soil type. It is volatile and must be immediately
incorporated to avoid loss. It provides good season long control of many
annual grasses and broadleaves as well as partial control of seedling field
bindweed. Apply in 5–40 gal water/acre and incorporate into the top
2–3 inches of the bed before transplanting. Keep treated soil above the roots. |
| |
| E. |
PENDIMETHALIN |
0.475–1.45 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Prowl H2O) |
1–3 pt |
24 |
70 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3 |
| |
COMMENTS: Labeled for transplanted peppers only as either a
broadcast pretransplant surface application before transplanting or as a
post-directed spray targeting the soil at the base of the plants to avoid
contacting the foliage. Sufficient rainfall or irrigation is needed to
activate the herbicide after a post-directed application. Must be applied
before weed emergence. Apply lower rates to coarse-textured soils and higher rates to heavier fine-textured soils. |
| |
| F. |
S-METOLACHLOR |
0.96–1.59 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Dual Magnum 7.62) |
1–1.67 pt |
24 |
60 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15 |
| |
COMMENTS: Labeled under a 24C registration for use on
transplanted (pretransplant and layby) and direct-seeded (layby only) bell
and chili peppers. Use the lower rate on coarse, sandy soils and the higher
rate on silt and clay soils. Apply as a surface broadcast application with
ground application equipment before planting or as a broadcast application
within 48 hours after planting. Apply in a minimum of 10 gallons of water per
acre. The label states "do not incorporate" and it is assumed that
sprinkler irrigation incorporates this herbicide sufficiently into the soil to activate it. |
| |
| POSTPLANT |
| A. |
SETHOXYDIM |
0.28 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Poast) 1.5EC |
1.5 pt |
12 |
20 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1 |
| |
COMMENTS: A systemic herbicide that controls most annual and
perennial grasses. Apply in 10–20 gal water; add a crop oil concentrate
at the rate of 1 qt/acre. Grasses must be at the proper size, well watered,
and actively growing for good control. This treatment can be repeated up to 3
times/season with a preharvest interval of 20 days. Read label for restrictions regarding tank mixes. |
| |
| B. |
NAPROPAMIDE |
1–2 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Devrinol) 50DF |
2–4 lb |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15 |
| |
COMMENTS: Apply the recommended amount of napropamide to the
soil surface immediately after transplanting. It may be applied over the top
of the plants. Use 20–50 gal spray/acre and make sure that the material
reaches the zone of weed seed germination. Use overhead sprinkler irrigation to wet the soil to a depth of 2–4 inches. |
| |
| C. |
DCPA |
4.5–10.5 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Dacthal) 75% |
6–14 lb |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3 |
| |
COMMENTS: Apply 4-6 weeks following
transplanting or when direct-seeded plants are 4-6 inches tall. Cultivate the
beds before application; only controls newly emerging weeds. Apply over the top of the crop or as a directed spray; the application must be banded. |
| |
| D. |
CLETHODIM |
0.09093–0.12 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Select Max) |
12–16 fl oz |
24 |
20 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1 |
| |
COMMENTS: A systemic herbicide that
controls annual and perennial grasses. For ground applications, apply in 10
to 40 gal of spray solution/acre; add a crop oil concentrate at the rate of
1% v/v in the finished spray volume. Grasses must be at the proper size (see
label), well watered, and actively growing for good control. Make repeat
applications at a minimum interval of 14 days. Do not apply more than 64 fl oz/season. |
| |
| E. |
HALOSULFURON |
0.37–0.75 oz a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Sandea) |
0.5–1 oz |
12 |
30 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 |
| |
COMMENTS: For use on seed and transplant peppers for the
control of nutsedge. Apply as a directed spray or with shields to avoid
contact with the crop. Injury may result if the spray contacts the foliage.
Use of 0.25 to 0.5% v/v of nonionic surfactant is recommended. Use of crop
oil concentrate or silicone surfactants is not recommended due to increased
risk of injury. Do not apply halosulfuron if a soil application of an
organophosphate insecticide has been made. Do not apply a foliar
organophosphate insecticide within 21 days before or 7 days after any halosulfuron treatment. Not for use in Imperial and Riverside counties. |
| |
| F. |
CARFENTRAZONE |
0.0296 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Shark) |
2 fl oz |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 |
| |
COMMENTS: May be applied to the row middles using a hooded sprayer. Take care to keep the spray material off the crop. |
| |
| G. |
S-METOLACHLOR |
0.96–1.59 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Dual Magnum 7.62) |
1–1.67 pt |
24 |
60 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15 |
| |
COMMENTS: Labeled under a 24C registration for use on
transplanted (pretransplant and layby) and direct-seeded (layby only) bell
and chili peppers. Use the lower rate on coarse, sandy soils and the higher
rate on silt and clay soils. Apply as a surface broadcast application with
ground application equipment before planting or as a broadcast application
within 48 hours after planting. Apply in a minimum of 10 gallons of water per
acre. The label states "do not incorporate" and it is assumed that
sprinkler irrigation incorporates this herbicide sufficiently into the soil to activate it. |
| |
| H. |
PENDIMETHALIN |
0.475–1.425 lb a.i. |
|
|
| |
(Prowl H2O) |
1–3 pt |
24 |
70 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3 |
| |
COMMENTS: Labeled for transplanted peppers only. Registered
for use as a broadcast pretransplant surface application before transplanting
or as a post-directed application to transplanted peppers. It can be applied
as a post-directed spray to the soil at the base of the plants, avoiding
contact with foliage. Following post-directed application, sufficient
rainfall or irrigation is needed to activate the herbicide. Must be applied
before weed emergence. Apply lower rates to coarse-textured soils and higher rates to heavier fine-textured soils. |
| |
| I. |
PELARGONIC ACID |
| |
(Scythe) |
3–5% v/v in 75 to 200 gal water/acre |
12 |
0 |
| |
WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 27 |
| |
COMMENTS: May be applied to the row middles using a hooded sprayer. Take care to keep the spray material off the crop. |
| |
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