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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

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Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense.

Kiwifruit

Herbicide Treatment Table

(Reviewed 3/07, updated 2/09)

In this Guideline: More about weeds in kiwifruit:
Herbicide common name Amount/Acre R.E.I.+ P.H.I.+
(trade name)   (hours) (days)
  Calculate impact of pesticide on air quality
When choosing a herbicide, consider information relating to environmental impact. Not all registered pesticides are listed. Always read label of product being used.
 
PREPLANT
Before weeds emerge
A. METAM SODIUM*
  (Vapam, etc.) Label rates 48 NA
  COMMENTS: For spot treatment of certain perennials.
 
After weeds emerge
A. GLYPHOSATE 1–4 lb a.i. see label NA
  (Roundup)
  ...OR...
  (Touchdown) Label rates see label NA
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  COMMENTS: Apply in controlled droplet application or with low-pressure flat fan nozzles. For annual weed control use 10–40 gal water/acre with 1 lb/acre. Apply to young annuals or vigorously growing perennials in the early flowering stage or to nutsedge when it has 5–6 leaves. Some perennials require the 4 lb a.i. (Roundup) or 3.75 lb a.i. (Touchdown)/acre rate for control. Adding sprayable ammonium sulfate at 5 to 10 lb/100 gal of spray solution before the glyphosate is added can often improve control.
 
POSTPLANT
Before weeds emerge
A. ORYZALIN 2–4 lb a.i.    
  (Surflan) AS 2–4 qt 24 0
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre. If rain does not occur within 21 days, sprinkle irrigate with 1/2 to 2 inches water. May be combined with postemergent if weeds have emerged. Most applications are with the 4 lb a.i./acre rate to give maximum residual.
 
B. NAPROPAMIDE 4 lb a.i.    
  (Devrinol) 50DF 8 lb 12 35
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre. Must be incorporated within 4 to 7 days of application or sprinkler irrigated. Can be combined with a postemergent if weeds have emerged.
 
C. OXYFLUORFEN 1.25–2 lb a.i.    
  (Goal) 2XL 5–8 pt 24 0
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre on firm soil. Must not be mechanically disturbed or poor weed control will result. May be used preemergence or early postemergence. Often is combined with oryzalin or glyphosate. The 1 lb a.i./acre rate gives minimal residual control but is combined with glyphosate to increase spectrum of annual weeds controlled. For use during the dormant season only (before February 15). Do not apply to kiwifruit established less than 3 years unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above the soil surface.
 
D. ISOXABEN 0.495–0.9975 lb a.i.    
  (Gallery T&V) 75DF 0.66–1.33 lb 12 365
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 21
  COMMENTS: For use in nonbearing orchards only. Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre. Requires rainfall or irrigation within 21 days of treatment to activate. May be combined with postemergent herbicides if seedlings have emerged. Combine with oryzalin if annual grasses are expected.
 
After weeds emerge
A. GLYPHOSATE 1–4 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Roundup)
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  COMMENTS: Apply in controlled droplet application or with low-pressure flat fan nozzles. For annual weed control use 10–40 gal water/acre with 1 lb a.i./acre. Apply to young annuals or vigorously growing perennials in the early flowering stage or to nutsedge when it has 5–6 leaves. Some perennials require the 4 lb a.i./acre rate for control.
 
B. PARAQUAT* 0.64–1 lb a.i 12 14
  (Gramoxone Inteon)
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22
  COMMENTS: Apply in 30–60 gal water/acre to young plants. Thorough wetting of the weed foliage is essential for control. Use a 0.5% nonionic surfactant. Repeat treatment as new growth occurs. Do not treat more than 3 times/year.
 
Herbicide Combinations
Note: For tank mixes, observe all directions for use on all labels, and employ the most restrictive limits and precautions. Never exceed the maximum a.i. on any label when tank mixing products that contain the same a.i.
A. GLYPHOSATE 0.5–1 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Roundup)
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  ...PLUS...
  OXYFLUORFEN 0.5–1 lb a.i. 24 0
  (Goal) 2XL 2–4 pt    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: For broad-spectrum postemergence control of annual weeds. Apply in 20–40 gal/water/acre. Helps increase control of cheeseweed, filaree, chickweed, and grasses. Glyphosate effectiveness is increased with low water volume and oxyfluorfen is more effective at the higher volume. Oxyfluorfen may be used only during the dormant season. Do not apply to kiwifruit established less than 3 years unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above the soil surface. Be sure to follow restrictions on labels of both products in a tank mix; the most restrictive limits must be followed.
 
B. GLYPHOSATE 1 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Roundup)
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
  . . . PLUS . . .
  ORYZALIN 4 lb a.i.    
  (Surflan) AS 4 qt 24 0
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
  . . . or . . .
  NAPROPAMIDE 4 lb a.i. 12 35
  (Devrinol) 50DF 8 lb    
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15
  COMMENTS: Combines post- and preemergence activity to control existing weeds, leaving residual control of most annual weeds up to 6 months. Combination choice depends on weed spectrum and how rapidly the application can be incorporated. Be sure to follow restrictions on labels of both products in a tank mix; the most restrictive limits must be followed.
 
C. ORYZALIN 4 lb a.i.    
  (Surflan) AS 4 qt 24 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A dinitroaniline (Group 3)1 herbicide.
  . . . PLUS . . .
  OXYFLUORFEN 1 lb a.i.    
  (Goal) 2XL 4 pt 24 0
  WSSA MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14
  COMMENTS: Combined to give broad-spectrum residual control of annual weeds. Applied preemergence or combined with glyphosate if weeds have emerged. Oxyfluorfen may be used during the dormant season only. Do not apply to kiwifruit established less than 3 years unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above the soil surface. Be sure to follow restrictions on labels of both products in a tank mix; the most restrictive limits must be followed.
 
* Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use.
+ Restricted entry interval (R.E.I.) is the number of hours (unless otherwise noted) from treatment until the treated area can be safely entered without protective clothing. Preharvest interval (P.H.I.) is the number of days from treatment to harvest. In some cases the REI exceeds the PHI. The longer of two intervals is the minimum time that must elapse before harvest.
1 Group numbers are assigned by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) according to different modes of action. Although weeds may exhibit multiple resistance across many groups, mode of action numbers are useful in planning mixtures or rotations of herbicides with different modes of action. For more information, see http://www.hracglobal.com.
NA Not applicable

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Kiwifruit
UC ANR Publication 3449
Weeds
K. J. Hembree, UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County
Acknowledgment for contributions to Weeds:
C. L. Elmore, Vegetable Crops Weed Science, UC Davis

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