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UC Pest Management Guidelines

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Grape

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Grapes to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 6/06, updated 10/08)

In this Guideline
Common name (trade name) Mode of Action1 Selectivity2 (affected groups) Predatory Mites3 General Predators4 Parasites4 Honey Bees5 Duration of impact to natural enemies6
abamectin (Agri-Mek) 6 moderate (mites, western grapeleaf skeletonizer) M L M/H I7 moderate to predatory mites and affected insects
acetamiprid (Assail) 4A broad (insects) —8 —9 — III moderate
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
bifenazate (Acramite) 25 narrow (mites) L L L IV short
buprofezin (Applaud) 16 narrow (sucking insects, beetles) L H10 L IV long
carbaryl (Sevin) dust 1A broad (insects, mites) M/H H H I long
carbaryl (Sevin) 80S 1A broad (insects, mites) M/H H H I long
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I11 moderate
cryolite (Kryocide) 9A narrow (foliage chewing insects) L L L IV short to none
diazinon–foliar 1B broad (insects, mites) L H H I moderate to long
dicofol (Kelthane) UNC narrow (pest mites and mites) H M M IV long to beneficial mites
dimethoate 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I long
endosulfan (Thionex) 2A broad (insects, mites) L M M II12 short
fenbutatin oxide (Vendex) 12B narrow (pest mites) L L L IV short
fenpropathrin (Danitol) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I —
fenpyroximate (Fujimite) 21 narrow (mites, some insects) — L L IV short
hexythiazox (Savey) 10B narrow (mites) L L L IV short to moderate
imidacloprid (Admire) 4A narrow (sucking insects, cutworms) — L — I13 —
imidacloprid (Provado) 4A narrow (sucking insects) — — H II short to moderate
insecticidal soap (M-Pede) — broad (insects, mites) M M M IV short to none
kaolin clay (Surround) — narrow (sucking insects) — — — IV —
malathion 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H II moderate
methomyl (Lannate) 1A broad (insects, mites) H H H III moderate
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) 18A narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
neem oil (Trilogy) — broad (soft-bodied insects) L L L III short
petroleum oil — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L III short to none
phosmet (Imidan) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
propargite (Omite) 12C narrow (pest mites) M14 L L IV short
pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide (Pyrenone) 3/27A broad (insects) — — — III short
pyridaben (Pyramite, Nexter) 21 broad (insect, mites) M/H M — III short
sodium tetrathiocarbonate (Enzone) — broad (soil organisms) L L L IV none
spinosad (Entrust, Success) 5 narrow (caterpillars, thrips) L M15 L/M III short
sulfur — narrow (mites) L/H L H16 IV short

H = high
M = moderate
L = low
— = no information

1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicites are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured in toxicity of the pesticide-resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I-Do not apply to blooming plants; II-Apply only during late evening; III-Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV-Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides (700 KB, PDF), Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591.
6 Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
7 If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
8 May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations.
9 Acute toxicity low but reproductive capacity is impacted.
10  Kills lady beetles.
11 If rate is 0.05 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
12 If rate is 0.5 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
13 If rate is 0.1 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
14 Use lowest rates for best management of western predatory mite/spider mite ratio (propargite).
15 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly and lacewing larvae, beetles) when sprayed and up to 5-7 days after, expecially for syrphid fly larvae.
16 Highly toxic to Anagrus spp. parasites of grape leafhopper.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Grape
UC ANR Publication 3448

General Information

Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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