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Grape (Table)
Year-Round IPM Program for Table Grapes
(Reviewed
10/08, updated 10/08)
These practices are recommended for a monitoring-based IPM program that
reduces environmental quality problems related to pesticide use. Links take
you to information on how to monitor, forms to use, and management practices.
Track your progress through the year with the annual
checklist form.
Water quality becomes impaired when pesticides move off-site and into
water. Air quality becomes impaired when volatile organic compounds move
into the atmosphere. Each time a pesticide application is considered, review
the Pesticide
Application Checklist at
the bottom of this page for information on how to minimize environmental
quality problems.
Note: This year-round program covers the major pests of table grapes in
the San Joaquin and Coachella valleys. For wine and raisin grapes, see
the Wine and Raisin Grape Year-Round IPM Program.
Information on additional pests and pests of wine and raisin grapes is included
in the Grape Pest Management Guideline.
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Delayed-dormant period activities
(San Joaquin Valley, February; Coachella Valley, December to January) |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
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On a warm day (above 65° F), monitor
trunks, cordons, and spurs for:
- Mealybugs
- Ants associated with mealybugs and European fruit lecanium
scale
- Overwintering spider mites (orange)
- Cutworms
Keep records (example monitoring
form—.
Manage1 if needed according to the PMGs. |
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Just before budbreak, in the San Joaquin Valley, place omnivorous
leafroller pheromone traps in the vineyard.
- Check traps twice weekly until a biofix date is established; thereafter,
check traps weekly.
- Record biofix for the first moth.
Keep records (example monitoring
form—). |
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Just before budbreak, place sticky traps in and around the vineyard
for glassy-winged sharpshooter.
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Other pests or
pest damage you may see.
- Rodents
- Branch and twig borer
- Click beetles
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- Bud beetles
- Eutypa dieback
- Bot canker
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Budbreak period activities
(San Joaquin Valley, March; Coachella Valley, January to February) |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
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On a warm day (above 65°F), monitor
trunks, cordons, and spurs for:
- Mealybugs
- Ants associated with mealybugs and European fruit lecanium
scale
- Overwintering spider mites (orange)
- Cutworms
Keep records (example monitoring
form—. Manage1
if needed according to the PMGs. |
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In San Joaquin Valley continue to check pheromone
traps twice weekly
for omnivorous leafroller, if biofix has not been reached.
- Record biofix for the first moth (example monitoring
form—).
- Check
traps weekly after biofix date is established.
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Monitor for powdery mildew using the risk assessment index followed
by visual inspections.
- Treat1 if needed according to PMG.
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If rainfall is predicted after budbreak, consider treating1 for phomopsis
cane and leaf spot in sensitive varieties (Thompson seedless, redglobe). |
| Note locations of vines showing poor budbreak for future assessment
of abiotic disorders or diseases. |
Check sticky traps for glassy-winged
sharpshooters.
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Survey weeds to plan a weed
management strategy if not completed earlier in the season. If herbicides1
are to be used:
- Record observations (example
survey form—.
- Make your selection based on weed survey observations.
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Other pests you may see:
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Rapid shoot growth period activities
(San Joaquin Valley, March to May; Coachella Valley, February to May) |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
Look for spider mites
and their natural enemies on emerging
leaves weekly.
- Map areas of concern for bloom monitoring.
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Monitor leafhoppers weekly, starting
a month after budbreak or when first nymphs appear. When samples reach
10 leafhoppers per leaf:
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Manage mealybugs (Pseudoccocus, vine):
- Place vine mealybug pheromone
traps in the vineyard:
- Southern San Joaquin Valley, April 1
- Coachella Valley, March 1
- Check traps every 2 weeks.
- Sanitize equipment before moving to uninfested areas in the vineyard.
If grape or vine mealybug females are found on the vine, treat1 according
to PMGs. |
Monitor caterpillars if they have
been a problem in the past:
- Western grapeleaf skeletonizer
- Grape leaffolder
- Omnivorous leafroller
Map areas of concern for bloom monitoring. |
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Continue checking pheromone traps for
omnivorous leafrollers. |
| If European
fruit lecanium scale has been a problem in the
past, monitor female development on old wood. |
| Manage ants if
mealybugs and scale are a problem. |
Check sticky traps for glassy-winged
sharpshooters.
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Watch for for shoot flagging (wilting)
to determine if caused by:
- Powdery mildew
- Botrytis shoot blight
- Branch and twig borer
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Monitor visually for powdery
mildew spores and by using mildew risk index.
- Treat1
if needed according to PMG.
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Survey weeds to
plan a weed management strategy if not completed earlier in the season.
If herbicides1 are to be used:
- Make your selection based on weed survey observations.
- Record your observations (example
weed survey form —.
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Look for these disease symptoms:
If infected plants are found, consult the PMG. |
Other pests you may see:
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Bloom to veraison period activities
(San Joaquin Valley, early May to July; Coachella Valley,
April) |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
Monitor for western flower thrips,
particularly in vineyards near drying grains.
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Monitor leafhoppers, spider mites,
and mealybugs weekly.
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Examine leaves and shoots for Botrytis bunch
rot and powdery
mildew.
- Manage if needed according to PMG.
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| If European fruit lecanium scale has
been a problem in the past, monitor for egg hatch to time treatment1. |
Continue to check omnivorous leafroller pheromone
traps weekly.
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Continue monitoring pheromone
traps for vine
mealybug.
- If males are caught or honeydew, sooty mold, or ants are found,
look for females on surrounding vines.
- Keep records (example monitoring
form—.
If grape or vine
mealybug females are found on the vine, manage according
to PMG. |
Remove basal leaves and lateral shoots in the fruit zone beginning
around berry set to minimize summer
rot, Botrytis bunch
rot, and
leafhopper populations, and
to maximize application1 coverage.
- Time leaf pull before first-generation grape leafhoppers become adults.
- Remove only the leaves on the shaded side of the canopy on non-divided
trellis systems to prevent heat damage and sunburn of sensitive varieties
(Thompson seedless, redglobe).
Treat1 for Botrytis before rain
according to PMG. |
Monitor
caterpillars if they have been a problem in the past:
- Omnivorous leafroller
- Grape leaffolder
- Western grapeleaf skeletonizer
Keep records (example monitoring
form—. |
Monitor sticky traps for glassy-winged sharpshooters:
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Other pests or pest
damage you may see:
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Veraison period activities
(San Joaquin Valley, June to July; Coachella Valley,
May) |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
Monitor leafhoppers, spider mites, and
mealybugs weekly.
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Continue checking pheromone traps weekly for
omnivorous leafroller.
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Inspect vines for grape mealybug and
vine mealybug.
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Educate field crew to identify and mark vine infestations for
treatment1.
- Manage if needed according to PMG.
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Monitor sticky traps for glassy-winged
sharpshooter.
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Mark locations of vines with poor growth for future confirmation and
management of abiotic disorders or pests:
- Bot canker
- Eutypa dieback
- Measles
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- Pierce’s disease
- Phylloxera
- Nematodes
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Monitor for Botrytis bunch rot, powdery
mildew, and summer bunch rot.
- Hedge canopy to increase air movement and reduce humidity in the
fruit zone.
- Manage if needed according to PMG.
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Monitor
caterpillars if they have been a problem in the past:
- Omnivorous leafroller
- Grape leaffolder
- Western grapeleaf skeletonizer
Keep records (example monitoring
form—. |
| If necessary, manage birds with netting or scare devices as fruit ripens. |
Remove weeds that have escaped treatment before they set seed. |
| Consider the use of plastic vine covers for late harvest varieties, which
are susceptible to Botrytis bunch rot after heavy rain. |
Other pests or
pest damage you may see:
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Harvest period activities
(San Joaquin Valley, late June to early November; Coachella Valley,
mid-May to early July) |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
Check fruit at
harvest to assess the effectiveness of the current year's IPM program
and to determine
the needs of next year's program.
- Note blocks in the vineyard that had problems.
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Check sticky traps for
glassy-winged sharpshooter.
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| If necessary, continue managing birds with netting or scare devices. |
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Postharvest period activities |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
Continue monitoring for vine
mealybug on fruit and foliage.
- Treat1 if needed according to PMG.
- If vine mealybug is present,
steam-sanitize equipment before moving to uninfested areas.
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In the San Joaquin Valley look for European
fruit lecanium scales on leaves.
- Treat1 if needed just before leaf drop, according to PMG.
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Continue to mark and remove vines or cordons infested with diseases
such as:
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| Continue to monitor for western grapeleaf
skeletonizer on early harvested
varieties. |
| In the Coachella Valley, sample for nematodes in
October if not already done in spring. |
| Check sticky traps for glassy-winged
sharpshooters. |
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Other pests you may see:
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Dormant period activities |
| What should you be doing at this time? |
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In the San Joaquin Valley, sample for nematodes from November to February. |
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Carry out dormant-season sanitation activities.
- Prune late in dormancy after rains to reduce wound infections.
- Destroy prunings of older infested wood to reduce pest sources.
- Remove dried grape clusters on vines and disc weeds and clusters
where orange tortrix or omnivorous leafroller is a problem.
- In vineyards with a history of branch and twig borers, examine
old pruning scars and dead parts of vines for brown frass and wood
dust.
- If you have vine mealybug, steam sanitize equipment before relocating.
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Survey weeds to plan a weed management
strategy.
- Record your observations (example survey
form—.
- Use records to make herbicide selections in vineyards where sprays1
are planned.
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Pesticide application checklist |
When planning for possible pesticide applications in an IPM program,
review and complete this checklist to consider practices that minimize
environmental and efficacy problems.
- Choose a pesticide from the UC IPM Pest Management
Guidelines for the target pest considering:
- Select an alternative chemical or nonchemical treatment
when risk is high.
- Choose sprayers and application procedures that
keep pesticides on target.
- Identify and take special care to protect sensitive
areas (for example, waterways or riparian areas) surrounding your
application site.
- Review and follow label for pesticide handling,
storage, and disposal guidelines.
- Check and follow restricted entry intervals (REI)
and preharvest intervals (PHI).
- After an application is made, record application
date, product used, rate, and location of application. Follow up
to confirm that treatment was effective.
- Consider water
management practices that
reduce pesticide movement off-site:
- Install an irrigation recirculation
or storage and reuse system.
- Use drip rather than sprinkler
or flood irrigation.
- Limit irrigation to amount
required using soil moisture monitoring and
evapotranspiration (ET).
- Consider vegetative
filter strips or ditches.
- Redesign inlets into tailwater
ditches to reduce erosion.
- Consider management practices that reduce air quality
problems.
- When possible, choose pesticides that are not in emulsifiable
concentrate (EC) form which release volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). VOCs react with sunlight to form ozone, a major air pollutant.
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